Ucwaningo olusha luphakamisa ukuthi imithi yohlobo lwe-GLP-1, njenge-Ozempic, iWegovy neMounjaro, inganciphisa ingcuphe yomdlavuza webele cishe ngamaphesenti angu-30 kwabesifazane. Lokhu kwembulwe ocwaningweni olubhekwe emhlanganweni omkhulu womhlaba we-oncology, i-American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) yango-2026, futhi lwanyatheliswa ephephabhukwini i-JCO Oncology Practice ngoLwesibili (02). Abacwaningi bagcizelela ukuthi le miphumela ikhombisa kuphela ubudlelwano bezibalo, hhayi ukuthi imithi ivikela ngempela umdlavuza. Okwamanje, kusadingeka ucwaningo olunzulu ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi le mithi ingasetshenziswa njengendlela yokuvikela.
Indlela yocwaningo nemiphumela ebalulekile
Ucwaningo lwaholwa nguDkt. Elizabeth McDonald, uprofesa weRadiology ePerelman School of Medicine yase-University of Pennsylvania. Iqembu lwakhe lihlole umlando wezempilo wabesifazane abangu-111,646, abaneminyaka ephakathi kwama-45 no-80, kanye ne-body mass index (IMC) engu-25 noma ngaphezulu. Bonke babenohlolo lwezithombe zezifo zezifuba ohlelweni lwePenn Medicine kusukela ngoMasingana 2022 kuya kuJuni 2025. Kulabo, abangu-15,264 (13.7%) babenemiyalelo esebenzayo yemithi ye-GLP-1, kuyilapho abangu-96,382 (86.3%) bengenakho ukusetshenziswa kwaleyo mithi. Ukunciphisa ukuchema, ucwaningo lwahlukanisa izindlela ezimbili zokuhlola: esampuleni eliphelele, abesifazane abasebenzisa imithi babenamathuba angu-35.1% amancane okuthola umdlavuza; eqenjini elihlanganisiwe lezifazane ezingama-30,528, eliqhathaniswa ngokweminyaka, ubuhlanga, ubuzwe, i-IMC, ukuminyana kwebele, nobukhona besifo sikashukela, ukwehla okuqinisekisiwe kwaba ngamaphesenti angu-30.5.
Ukuhlaziywa okwengeziwe kwesampula enkulu
Ucwaningo luphinde lwahlola iqembu lezifazane elihlanganisiwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe imiphumela. Leli qembu lalihlanganisa izifazane ezifaniswe ngokuphelele ngezici ezibalulekile, okwenza ukuthi umehluko wokwehla kwengcuphe ube ngaphezu kwamaphesenti angu-30. UDkt. McDonald uthe le miphumela ikhombisa amandla amakhulu, kodwa ugcizelele ukuthi ucwaningo alunakho ukuhlukanisa imithi ngamunye, futhi alukhombisi ukuthi izinto ezinjengesikhathi sokwelashwa, ubungozi bezakhi zofuzo, noma isigaba somdlavuza zinomthelela onjani. Izinhlelo ezengeziwe zocwaningo zihlelelwe ukuphendula le mibuzo.
Imithelela engaphezu kokwehla komzimba
Izinzuzo zokuvikela umdlavuza ezibonwa ocwaningweni zingahamba ngale kwezinzuzo ezivamile zokwehla komzimba, nakuba ukugcina isisindo esifanele sekwaziwe njengendlela yokunciphisa ingcuphe yomdlavuza webele, ikakhulukazi emva kokuyeka ukuya esikhathini. Ososayensi basola ukuthi kunezindlela ezengeziwe zomzimba ezihilelekile: le mithi ilingisa ihomoni lemvelo i-GLP-1 futhi inesandla ekwehliseni ukuvuvuka okungapheli okuphansi ngokusebenzisa izindlela eziningi zamaseli. Imithi futhi ilawula ukugaya umzimba wonkana futhi iguqula izinqubo ze-epigenetic ezilawula ukusebenza kwezakhi zofuzo, okusiza ukuvimba ukukhula kokuqala kwamaseli omdlavuza.
Izindlela ezingaziwa zokuvikela ngaphandle kokuncipha
Ucwaningo alukakazeleli ukuthi yiziphi izindlela ezibaluleke kakhulu, kodwa kuyacaca ukuthi imithi ye-GLP-1 ingasebenza ngezindlela eziningi ukuvikela umzimba. Ukwehla komzimba kungenye yalezi zindlela, kodwa kungenzeka ukuthi ukuncishiswa kokuvuvuka nokuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo nakho kunomthelela omkhulu. Abacwaningi bathi lokhu kuvula umnyango wocwaningo olusha mayelana nokusetshenziswa kwale mithi kweminye imikhakha, kodwa kusadingeka ubufakazi obuqinile.
Izinkinga zocwaningo kanye nezeluleko zososayensi
Naphezu kwemiphumela emihle, abacwaningi bagcizelele izinkinga ezikhona ezenza kungabi bikho iziphetho eziqinisekile. Ucwaningo aluhlukanisanga phakathi kwemithi ehlukile, njenge-semaglutide ne-tirzepatide, kodwa lwahlanganisa yonke ndawonye. Futhi alukhombisanga isikhathi esiqhubekayo sokwelashwa, ubungozi bezakhi zofuzo, isigaba somdlavuza, noma uhlobo lomdlavuza otholakele. Ukuhlaziywa okunye kuhlelelwe ukuthi kuhlole umthelela wezinye zalezi zinto esampuleni. Ucwaningo lunjalo lusemqoka, kodwa alukafinyeleli ezingeni lokunikeza izimpendulo eziqinisekile.
Amaphupho esikhathi esizayo ocwaningo olunzulu
Njengamanje, izindlela zokunciphisa ingcuphe yomdlavuza webele kwabesifazane abasengozini enkulu zilinganiselwe ekuhloleni okuvamile, ekuhlinzweni kwe-mastectomy yokuvikela, noma ekusetshenzisweni kwe-Tamoxifen, umuthi owenqatshwa kaningi ngenxa yemiphumela emibi enzima. UDkt. McDonald uqinisekisile ukuthi uhlela ucwaningo oluhlanganisa izibhedlela eziningi (multicentric clinical trial) olugxile kwabesifazane abasengozini enkulu, ukuze kutholakale ukuthi imithi ye-GLP-1 ingavimba ngempela ukuvela kwalesi sifo. Esesitatimendeni, udokotela uthe: “Ekugcineni, sifuna ukuthola izindlela ezingcono zokuvikela umdlavuza webele. Bekuyinto ekhuthazayo ukubona izinga lokusinda likhuphuka emashumini eminyaka adlule, futhi singathanda ukubona intuthuko efanayo ekuvikelweni.”
Le mithi yaqale yakhiwa ukwelapha uhlobo 2 sikashukela, futhi kamuva yagunyazwa ukulawula ukukhuluphala. Kodwa manje, umphakathi wesayensi uphenya amandla okusebenzisa le mithi njengamathuluzi okuvikela umdlavuza. Abacwaningi bayaxwayisa ukuthi imiphumela ikhombisa kuphela ubudlelwano bezibalo, futhi kusadingeka ucwaningo olunzulu ngeziguli ezilandelwe isikhathi eside ukuze kuqinisekiswe. Lolu cwaningo luyisinyathelo esibalulekile, kodwa lusekude nokunikeza impendulo eqondile.