Cishe amaphesenti angama-40 emisebenzi emhlabeni wonke angathinteka ubuhlakani bokwenziwa, ngokocwaningo olucashunwe yi-International Monetary Fund (IMF). Kulawa maphesenti, amaphesenti angama-60 emisebenzini emazweni athuthukile angathinteka, kuyilapho izimakethe ezisafufusa zibona ukuthinteka okungamaphesenti angama-40. Izomnotho ezinethuba elincane kakhulu lokuthola izinzuzo zobuchwepheshe, ngenxa yengqalasizinda yedijithali elinganiselwe nokuntuleka kwamakhono kubasebenzi. Lokhu kuveza isixwayiso somhlaba wonke mayelana nesidingo sokujwayela ngokushesha kohulumeni, izinkampani kanye nabasebenzi.
Umthelela Womhlaba Wonke Wobuhlakani Bokwenziwa Emisebenzini
Umthelela we-IA awusho ukulahleka noma ukuzuza okuphelele. Ochwepheshe baveza ukuthi ubuchwepheshe buvame ukusebenza njengethuluzi lokwandisa umkhiqizo, kunokuba bususe abasebenzi ngokuphelele. Ukusebenzisana phakathi kwabantu nezinhlelo eziqondayo kuzokwenza ikusasa lezikhundla eziningi, ngokusho kohlaziyo lwakamuva lwemakethe yomsebenzi. Ubunkimbinkimbi balo mkhuba udinga ukuhlolwa kokuziphindiselela kanye namathuba okwakha imisebenzi emisha.
Mangaki amathuba emisebenzi i-AI engawaqeda futhi iwadale?
Omunye wemibono enephutha nge-IA ukuthi ibhubhisa imisebenzi kuphela. Izilinganiso ze-World Economic Forum zikhomba ukuthi cishe izigidi eziyi-92 zemisebenzi zingasuswa emhlabeni wonke ngonyaka ka-2030, kuyilapho izigidi eziyi-170 zemisebenzi emisha zingadalwa esikhathini esifanayo. Inani eliyinani ngemuva kokukhishwa nokufakwa kungaba izigidi eziyi-78 zemisebenzi emisha emhlabeni jikelele. Inselele eyinhloko, nokho, ukuthi lezi zikhundla ezintsha zivame ukufuna amakhono ahlukile kunalawo aqedwayo.
Yiziphi izikhundla ezisengozini enkulu yokuthathwa yi-AI?
Ubuhlakani bokwenziwa busebenza kahle kakhulu emisebenzini ephindaphindayo, elindelekayo futhi esuselwe ekucubunguleni ulwazi. Izikhundla ezisengozini enkulu zihlanganisa:
- Abashicileli bemininingwane
- Abasizi bokuphatha abasezingeni eliphansi
- Abameleli benkonzo yamakhasimende
- Imisebenzi yokubala ejwayelekile
- Abakhiqizi bokuqukethwe okulula
- Abahumushi bemisebenzi eyisisekelo
- Opharetha be-telemarketing
- Abahleli bezinhlelo abasaqalayo emisebenzini elandelanayo
- Ochwepheshe bokucubungula amadokhumenti
Ucwaningo lwakamuva luphinde lubonise ukuthi izikhundla zabaqalayo kanye nezisezingeni lokungena zingabhekana nokuphazamiseka okukhulu, njengoba izinhlelo ze-IA zithatha imisebenzi evame ukunikezwa ochwepheshe abanokuhlangenwe nakho okuncane.
Yiziphi izikhundla okungenzeka zingathintwa yi-AI?
Naphezu kwentuthuko, imisebenzi eminingi incike kakhulu ekudaleni, emandleni emizwa, ebuholini, ekusebenzelaneni ngokomzimba nasekuthathweni kwezinqumo eziyinkimbinkimbi. Izikhundla ezibhekwa njengezivikeleke kakhulu zihlanganisa:
- Odokotela kanye nochwepheshe bezempilo
- Abahlengikazi kanye nabanakekeli
- Ochwepheshe bengqondo kanye nabalaphi
- Othisha kanye nabafundisi
- Ososayensi kanye nabacwaningi
- Onjiniyela
- Ochwepheshe bemisebenzi yezandla ekhethekile
- Abaphathi abaphezulu
- Osomabhizinisi
- Abaphathi bezobuciko
Kulindeleke ukuthi iningi lalaba ochwepheshe lisebenzise ubuhlakani bokwenziwa ngokugcwele, kodwa bagcine indima yomuntu engagudlukiwe emkhakheni wabo.
I-AI Iguqula Kanjani Izimakethe Zezifunda?
I-AI ilungisa kanjani umsebenzi e-United States?
I-United States ihlala ingenye yezikhungo eziyinhloko zokusungula ubuhlakani bokwenziwa emhlabeni. Izinkampani ezinkulu zobuchwepheshe ziyaqhubeka nokutshala izigidigidi zamadola engqalasizindeni ye-IA, amamodeli olimi athuthukile, izikhungo zedatha kanye nama-semiconductors esizukulwane sakamuva. Izinkampani zaseMelika zisebenzisa kakhulu amathuluzi e-IA ekuthuthukisweni kwesofthiwe, enkonzweni yamakhasimende, kwezentengiselwano, kwezezimali nasocwaningweni. Ucwaningo luphakamisa ukuthi ubuchwepheshe abushintshi nje kuphela izidingo zemisebenzi, kodwa futhi bulungisa kabusha izindlela zokuqasha, ikakhulukazi ezikhundleni zabaqalayo nasemisebenzini yolwazi ejwayelekile. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, isidingo sonjiniyela be-IA, ochwepheshe bokufunda ngomshini, ochwepheshe bokuphepha kwe-inthanethi, abaklami bamafu kanye nososayensi bedatha siyaqhubeka nokukhula.
I-AI ilawulwa kanjani e-Europe?
Amazwe aseYurophu agxile emzamweni wokulinganisa ukusungulwa kobuchwepheshe nokuvikelwa kwabasebenzi. Ucwaningo lwakamuva olwenziwe emazweni angama-35 aseYurophu luthole ukuthi ukwamukelwa kwe-IA kuyanda ngokushesha, nakuba kungafani phakathi kwamazwe nemikhakha. Izinga lokwamukela lihluka ukusuka ngaphansi kwamaphesenti angu-3 kuya kwaphezulu kwama-25%, kuya ngokuthi izwe noma umkhakha uthini. Abakhi bemigomo baseYurophu batshala kakhulu ekuqeqesheni abasebenzi, ekuthuthukiseni amakhono edijithali nasekulawuleni ubuhlakani bokwenziwa. Abaqashi kulo lonke elaseYurophu babikezela ukukhula okuqinile ekuqashweni okuhlobene nobuchwepheshe, naphezu kokukhathazeka ngokushoda kwamakhono nezingozi zokuphepha kwe-inthanethi.
I-AI ikhula kanjani e-China?
I-China ivele njengomunye wabamukeli abanentshisekelo kakhulu bobuhlakani bokwenziwa. Ngaphansi kwemizamo kazwelonke ekhuthaza ukuhlanganiswa kwe-IA kuyo yonke imikhakha, izinkampani zaseShayina zisebenzisa ngokushesha izinhlelo ze-IA kwezobuchwepheshe, ekukhiqizeni, kwezokukhangisa, kwemidiya nasezinsizeni. Imibiko ikhombisa ukuthi izikhala zemisebenzi ehlobene ne-IA eShayina zanda cishe ngamaphesenti angu-74 ngo-2025. Kodwa-ke, eminye imikhakha ithola ukwehla kwezisebenzi ngesikhathi esifanayo, njengoba ukusebenza ngomshini kuba selubanzi. Abasebenzi abaningi baseShayina babika ukukhathazeka okukhulayo ngokuphepha kwemisebenzi, njengoba izinhlelo ze-IA zenza imisebenzi eyayenziwa ngabantu.
I-India ingazuza kanjani kwezomnotho we-IA?
I-India inesikhundla esiyingqayizivele ekuguqulweni komhlaba wonke okwenziwa ubuhlakani bokwenziwa. Njengoba inesizwe esikhulu kunazo zonke somhlaba sonjiniyela besofthiwe, ochwepheshe bezobuchwepheshe kanye nosomabhizinisi bedijithali, izwe linamathuba amakhulu okuzuza ekukhuleni okwenziwa yi-IA. Imizamo kahulumeni, imvelo yama-startups kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali umkhakha ozimele kusheshisa ukwamukelwa kwe-IA kwezempilo, kwezemfundo, kwezolimo, kwezezimali nasezinsizeni zomphakathi. Abahlaziyi abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi i-India ingaba ngomunye wabazuza kakhulu ekwandeni komnotho okuhlobene ne-IA, uma nje ukuthuthukiswa kwabasebenzi kuqhubeka nokuhambisana nesivinini sezinguquko zobuchwepheshe.
Ikhono Lomnotho Wobuhlakani Bokwenziwa Nokwenyuka Kwemivuzo
Lingakanani ikhono lomnotho le-AI?
Ikhono lomnotho lobuhlakani bokwenziwa likhulu kakhulu. Ngokocwaningo lwe-McKinsey, i-IA egenerethayo iyodwa ingakwazi ukufaka phakathi kwama-US$2.6 trillion (cishe R42.2 trillion) nama-US$4.4 trillion (cishe R71.4 trillion) minyaka yonke emnothweni womhlaba, ngokuzuza komkhiqizo nokuguqulwa kwamabhizinisi. Lo mthelela uhlanganisa imikhakha efana:
- Ibhange
- Ezempilo
- Ezokudayisa
- Ezokukhiqiza
- Ezemfundo
- Ukuthuthukiswa kwesofthiwe
- Ezokuhambisa impahla
- Inkonzo yamakhasimende
- Ucwaningo nokuthuthukiswa
Abahlaziyi baqhathanisa izinga lomthelela we-IA nezinguquko zobuchwepheshe zangaphambili, njengogesi, i-inthanethi kanye nokusebenza ngomshini ezimbonini.
Ingabe i-AI ingakhuphula amaholo abasebenzi?
Ezimweni eziningi, yebo, ingakhuphula. Abasebenzi abahlanganisa ngempumelelo i-IA ezinzweni zabo zansuku zonke bavame ukufinyelela amazinga aphakeme omkhiqizo, okubenza babe yigugu kakhulu kubaqashi. Isidingo samakhono akhethekile e-IA sinyuke kakhulu ezimakethe zemisebenzi zomhlaba wonke. Amakhono ahlotshaniswa nokufunda ngomshini, ubunjiniyela be-prompt, ukusetshenziswa kwe-IA, ukuphepha kwe-inthanethi, ukubala kwamafu kanye nesayensi yedatha ngokuvamile akhokhelwa amaholo aphezulu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, abasebenzi imisebenzi yabo ethinteka kakhulu ukusebenza ngomshini bangabhekana nengcindezi yamaholo uma amakhono abo engasabonakali ebalulekile.
Yiziphi amakhono e-AI azodingeka kakhulu?
Abaqashi emhlabeni wonke bafuna kakhulu ochwepheshe abanamakhono kulokhu:
- Ubuhlakani Bokwenziwa
- Ukufunda Ngomshini
- Ubunjiniyela Be-Prompt
- Isayensi Yedatha
- Ukuphepha Kwe-inthanethi
- Ukubala Kwamafu
- Ubunjiniyela Besofthiwe
- Ubunjiniyela Bedatha
- Izinhlelo Zokusebenza Ngomshini
- Ukuphatha I-IA
Ucwaningo oluhlaziya izimemezelo zemisebenzi ezingaphezu kwezi-150,000 luthole ukukhula okusheshayo kwesidingo samakhono ahlobene ne-IA, kuyilapho imisebenzi ejwayelekile ilahlekelwa ukubaluleka.
Ingabe i-AI izodala ukwenyuka komkhiqizo?
Ochwepheshe bezomnotho abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi ubuhlakani bokwenziwa bungadala okunye kokwenyuka okukhulu komkhiqizo emlandweni wanamuhla. I-IA egenerethayo inamandla okwenza ngokuzenzakalelayo imisebenzi ehlanganisa phakathi kwamaphesenti angama-60 nangama-70 esikhathi sabasebenzi ezikhundleni eziningi. Lokhu kungavumela abasebenzi ukuthi bagxile kakhulu ekucabangeni okungamasu, ekudaleni, ekusunguleni nasekuxazululeni izinkinga eziyinkimbinkimbi. Ezinye izinhlangano sezibhale ukuzuza okukhulu ngomkhiqizo ngokwamukela i-IA, nakuba izinselelo ezihlobene nokuqaliswa nokugadwa zisalokhu zikhona.
Izingozi Nezinselelo Kubasebenzi
Naphezu kwezinzuzo, ubuhlakani bokwenziwa buveza izinselelo eziningi. Phakathi kwazo kukhona:
- Ukususwa kwemisebenzi
- Ukuphelelwa amakhono
- Ukungalingani kwemivuzo
- Ukuncipha kwamathuba ezikhundleni zokuqala
- Ukuhlukaniswa kwabasebenzi
- Ukukhathazeka ngemfihlo
- Ukuchema kwe-algorithm
- Izingozi zokuphepha kwe-inthanethi
Umqondisi omkhulu we-IMF, uKristalina Georgieva, uxwayise abakhi bemigomo ngokungabukeli phansi ukusabela komphakathi okungenzeka kubi uma izinzuzo ze-IA zingatshalwa ngokungalingani emphakathini.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
I-AI izongena esikhundleni sabahleli bezinhlelo?
Ubuhlakani bokwenziwa bungenza ngokuzenzakalelayo izingxenye zomsebenzi wokubhala ikhodi, kodwa isidingo sonjiniyela besofthiwe abakwazi ukuklama izinhlelo, ukuxazulula izinkinga eziyinkimbinkimbi nokugada ikhodi eyenziwe yi-IA sisalokhu sinamandla.
I-AI izongena esikhundleni sothisha?
I-IA ingasekela imfundo, kodwa othisha abangabantu basabalulekile ekuqondiseni, ekusekeleni ngokomzwelo, ekuphatheni ikilasi nasekuthuthukiseni ukucabanga okujulile.
I-AI izongena esikhundleni sodokotela?
I-IA iba ithuluzi elinamandla lokuxilonga, kodwa ochwepheshe bezempilo basenendima enkulu ekunakekeleni iziguli nasekuthathweni kwezinqumo zemitholampilo.
Yimiphi imisebenzi i-AI ezoyidala?
Amathuba amasha avela ekuthuthukisweni kwe-IA, ekufundeni ngomshini, ku-robotics, ekuphepheni kwe-inthanethi, esayensi yedatha, ekuziphatheni okuhle kwe-IA nasezingqalasizindeni zedijithali.
Ingabe abafundi kufanele bafunde i-AI?
Ochwepheshe abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi ukwazi nge-IA kuzoba kubalulekile njengokwazi ngedijithali eminyakeni ezayo.