I-Gaokao, okuwukuhlolwa okunzima kakhulu emhlabeni, iqale ngeSonto, 7 Juni 2026, nabafundi abayizigidi eziyi-12,9 e-China. Lolu hlelo luhlanganisa izinyathelo eziqinile zokuphepha ezihlanganisa ubuchwepheshe bokugada, ukuvinjelwa kwama-cellphone, amawashi ahlakaniphile, nezibuko ezi-cyber. Ukuhlolwa, okunquma ukungena emfundweni ephakeme, kuseyindlela eyinhloko yabafundi abaningi base-China futhi kwenzeka izinsuku eziningi, kuye ngesifunda nezifundo ezikhethiwe. Amamodeli afana no-'3+1+2' ahlanganisa izifundo ezijwayelekile: ulimi lwesi-Chinese, izibalo, nolimi lwakwamanye amazwe (IsiNgisi, IsiJapane, IsiFulentshi, IsiJalimane, IsiRashiya noma Isi-Spanish), kanye nomkhakha oyinhloko nezifundo ezimbili ezihlanganisiwe emikhakheni yobuntu noma yesayensi. Imiphumela, ehlanganisa imibuzo evulekile nevaliwe, kanye nezingoma, ngokuvamile isukela ku-700 kuye ku-750 amaphuzu, kuye ngohlelo lwesifunda.
Ukwehla Kwenani Labafundi Nezimo Zomnotho
UMnyango Wezemfundo wase-China ubike inani lababhalise elingaba yizigidi eziyi-12,9 ngo-2026, okungukwehla ngabafundi abangaba ngu-450,000 uma kuqhathaniswa nonyaka odlule. Lokhu kungunyaka wesibili olandelanayo wokwehla, okuphawula ukuncipha okugcwele kwabantu abasha abasezingeni lokufunda. Izici eziholele kulokhu zihlanganisa ukuthuthela kwentsha ezifundweni zobuchwepheshe nezomsebenzi, kanye nobunzima bomnotho wase-China, lapho izinga lokuntuleka kwemisebenzi kwentsha eneminyaka eyi-16 kuye kweyi-24 lingaphezu kuka-16%. Cishe izigidi eziyi-12,7 zabathweswe iziqu kufanele bangene emsebenzini kulo nyaka, okwengeza ingcindezi emakethe yomsebenzi.
Izimbangela Eziyisisekelo Zokwehla
Ochwepheshe baphawula ukuthi ukwehla kubangelwa ukuncipha kwabantu abasha abaseminyakeni yobudala yasekolishi kanye nokukhula kwezinhlelo zokufundisa ezisebenza ngobuchwepheshe. Umnotho onzima ubuye waba nomthelela, njengoba abanye abafundi bekhetha izindlela ezingezona ezenyuvesi. Noma kunjalo, i-Gaokao isalokhu iyisiteji esibalulekile ekuvuleni amathuba emfundo ephakeme nakusasa lemisebenzi, futhi ukuncipha kwayo akuyihlanganisi ukuphela kokubaluleka kwayo.
Ukuqinwa Kwezinyathelo Zokuvikela Ukukhwabanisa
Iziphathimandla ezifundazweni zandisa ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe bokuqapha kanye nezinhlelo ezihlakaniphile ukuze kuvinjwe ukukhwabanisa. Izindawo zokuhlolwa zinezinsiza zokuqapha nge-video, ukuhlolwa okuqinile, kanye nezinhlelo zokuhlukanisa ezikwazi ukubona ukusetshenziswa kwemishini kagesi enqatshelwe, njengama-cellphone, amawashi ahlakaniphile, nezibuko ezi-cyber. UMnyango Wezemfundo uthe besebenzisa amathuluzi ahlakaniphile ukuthola imizamo yokukopela ngemishini yobuchwepheshe obuphezulu, okuhlanganisa nezinto ezinjengezibuko ezihlakaniphile. Lokhu kwenzeka njengengxenye yemizamo yokugcina ukwethembeka kokuhlolwa okunethonya elikhulu empilweni yabafundi.
Indima Yobuhlakani Bokwenziwa Ekuhlolweni
Ubuchopho bokwenziwa buvele njengengxenye yezihloko zokuhlolwa, okukhombisa ukuhlangana kobuchwepheshe nemfundo. E-Beijing, abafundi kwadingeka bakhe isiqubulo somsebenzi ophathelene nobuhlakani bokwenziwa obuhloswe abantu abadala, okuphawula ukunaka uhlangothi lomphakathi lobuchwepheshe. E-Shanghai, babhala ingxenye yamazwi angama-800 ngomthelela wobuchwepheshe ekuguqulweni komhlaba nemicabango yomuntu, okuvula ingxoxo ngekusasa lobuchwepheshe emiphakathini. Lokhu kukhombisa indlela i-AI ehlangana ngayo nokuhlolwa okukhulu, futhi kungabikezela ushintsho ekuhlelweni kwezivivinyo ezizayo.
Ushintsho Emibonweni Yomndeni Nezitshudeni
Ochwepheshe babona ushintsho olwenzeka kancane ekuqondeni komndeni nabafundi mayelana ne-Gaokao. Emashumini eminyaka adlule, ukukhula okusheshayo komnotho wase-China kwakhulisa ukubaluleka kwemfundo ephakeme futhi kwenyusa okulindelwe ekusebenzeni kwentsha. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yemakethe yomsebenzi enzima, abazali abaningi bagxile ekulinganiseni phakathi kokusebenza kwezifundo, impilo yomzimba, nenhlalakahle yomzwelo. Naphezu kwalokhu, ezigidini zabafundi i-Gaokao isalokhu iyisiteji esinqumayo ekungeneni enyuvesi nasekwakheni amathuba omsebenzi, futhi ushintsho emibonweni alukanciphisi isidingo sokuhleleka kahle.
Uhulumeni uthe uzokuqinisa ukulwa nemisebenzi engekho emthethweni ehlobene nokuhlolwa, njengezinhlelo zokukhwabanisa, imikhonyovu nezikhangiso ezikhohlisayo zezinsiza zemfundo. Le mininingwane itholakala kwa-AFP, Reuters ne-RFI.