ITribunal Superior Eleitoral (TSE) isungule amaqembu amasha ahlala njalo agxile kubuchwepheshe be-intelligence artificial, ukuphepha kwe-cyber, ukufakwa phakathi kwabavoti, kanye nokulawulwa kobuchwepheshe. Lesi sinyathelo, esimenyezelwe ngoLwesibili, 9 Juni 2026, siphawula enye yezinguquko ezinkulu kuzwelonke esikhungweni sokhetho laseBrazil eminyakeni yakamuva. Libonisa ukuthambekela komhlaba wonke kokuvumelanisa izinqubo zentando yeningi nokuthuthuka okusheshayo kobuchwepheshe bedijithali.
Inkathi Entsha Yokuphathwa Kokhetho
Emashumini amabili eminyaka edlule, inguquko yedijithali ishintshe kakhulu ukuqhutshwa kwemikhankaso, ukusakazwa kolwazi phakathi kwabavoti, kanye nobudlelwano bezikhungo zomphakathi nomphakathi. Ukuthuthuka kwe-inthanethi, izinkundla zokuxhumana, izinhlelo zokusebenza zokuthumela imiyalezo, futhi muva nje, izinhlelo ze-intelligence artificial, kwandise isivinini sokusabalala kokuqukethwe. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, lezi zinto ezintsha ziye zadala izinselele ezingakaze zibonwe eziphathelene nobuqiniso bolwazi, ukuvikelwa kwedatha, kanye nobuqotho bezinqubo zentando yeningi. Phambi kwalesi simo, iziphathimandla zokhetho emazweni amaningi ziye zatshala imali ezakhiweni eziyisipesheli ukuze zilandele ukuguquka kobuchwepheshe futhi ziphendule ngokushesha ezinsongweni ezivelayo.
Iqhaza Le-Intelligence Artificial Okhethweni
I-intelligence artificial isiphenduke enye yezinkinga eziyinhloko eziphathimandla zokhetho emhlabeni jikelele. Amathuluzi anamuhla akwazi ukukhiqiza imibhalo, izithombe, imisindo, namavidiyo angokoqobo kakhulu ngemizuzwana. Nakuba enezinhlelo zokusebenza ezisemthethweni, lobu buchwepheshe bungase busetshenziselwe ukudala okuqukethwe okukhohlisayo noma ukukhohlisa ulwazi. Ukukhula kwalokho okubizwa ngama-deepfakes kuye kwaqinisa isithakazelo sohulumeni nezikhungo zokhetho ekuthuthukiseni izindlela zokuqapha, ukuhlonza, nokuphendula. Leli qembu elisha elizinikele ku-intelligence artificial lihlelelwe ukuhlaziya izitayela, ukutadishela izingozi, nokuphakamisa amasu okulondoloza ukwethenjwa komphakathi enqubweni yokhetho.
Ukuphepha Kwedijithali Njengokubalulekile Kwamasu
Omunye umgogodla omkhulu walesi sinyathelo uhlanganisa ukuphepha kwe-cyber. Ukuhlaselwa kwedijithali okuqondiswe ezikhungweni zomphakathi sekuphenduke ukukhathazeka okukhulayo emhlabeni wonke — ingqalasizinda ebalulekile, izinhlelo zikahulumeni, kanye nezizinda zedatha kuvame ukuba yizisulu zokungena ngaphandle kobugebengu noma abamele izwe. Nakuba uhlelo lokhetho laseBrazil lunemishini ethuthukile yokuvikela nokuhlola, ukuguquka okungapheli kwezinsongo kudinga ukuvuselelwa njalo. La maqembu amasha kufanele alandele izitayela zomhlaba, ahlole izingozi ezivelayo, futhi aqinise amasu okuvimbela, ukuqapha, nokuphendula ezigamekweni.
Ukwenza Kwedijithali Uhlelo Lokhetho LaseBrazil
IBrazil ingomunye wabahlali abagcwele i-electronic voting emhlabeni. Kusukela ekusungulweni kancane kancane kwamavoti kagesi, okuqale ngeminyaka yo-1990, izwe liye lafumana ukuvuselelwa okulandelana kobuchwepheshe. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, izindlela ezihlukahlukene ziye zafakwa ohlelweni ukuze kwandiswe ukubonakala, ukuhlolwa, ukusebenza kahle, nokuphepha. Ukusungulwa kwala maqembu amasha amasu kukhombisa ukuthi ukwenza kwanamuhla akubhekwa njengohlelo oluqediwe, kodwa njengomsebenzi oqhubekayo okumele uhambisane nezinguquko zobuchwepheshe zomphakathi.
Ukulwa Nolwazi Olungamanga Nokufakwa Phakathi Kwabavoti
Enye yezihloko ezibaluleke kakhulu eziphathimandla zokhetho emhlabeni wonke wukwazisa okungamanga. Ijubane lokusabalala kokuqukethwe kwedijithali livumela ulwazi olungalungile ukuba lufinyelele ezigidini zabantu emahoreni ambalwa. Ngezikhathi zokhetho, lo mkhuba uthola ukubaluleka okukhulu ngenxa yentshisekelo yomphakathi ezihlokweni zezepolitiki. Ochwepheshe bagcizelela ukuthi ukulwa nolwazi olungamanga kudinga amasu amaningi, kuhlanganisa nemfundo yedijithali, ukubonakala kwezikhungo, ukubambisana nezinkundla zobuchwepheshe, nokuthuthukiswa kwamathuluzi okuqinisekisa. Ngaphandle kwezihloko zobuchwepheshe, la maqembu amasha azobuye akhulume ngezindaba eziphathelene nokufakwa phakathi kwabavoti — ukuqinisekisa ukuthi zonke izakhamuzi zinezimo ezifanele zokubamba iqhaza enqubweni yentando yeningi kuseyinto ephambili. Izindaba zokufinyeleleka, ukufakwa kwedijithali, kanye nokubamba iqhaza kwamaqembu ngokomlando angameleli ngokwanele kufanele kube yingxenye yezingxoxo.
Isenzo saseBrazil senzeka ngokuvumelana nezinhlelo ezibonwe emazweni amaningi entando yeningi. E-United States, emazweni aseYurophu, eCanada, e-Australia, nakwamanye amazwe, iziphathimandla zokhetho ziye zandisa utshalomali ekuphepheni kwedijithali nasekuqapheni ubuchwepheshe obuvelayo. Ukuthuthuka okusheshayo kwe-intelligence artificial sekuphenduke ukukhathazeka komhlaba wonke. Enye yezinto eziyinhloko ezikhathazayo emhlabeni wonke ihlanganisa ukusetshenziswa kokuqukethwe okwenziwe ngobuchwepheshe okungokoqobo kakhulu — amavidiyo akhiqizwe nge-intelligence artificial angalingisa izitatimende noma izehlakalo ezingakaze zenzeke. Nakuba kunezindlela zokuthola ukukhohliswa kwedijithali, ukuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kwala mathuluzi kwenza inselele ibe nzima kakhulu. Ochwepheshe baphawula ukuthi iminyaka ezayo izoba nomthelela ekuthuthukisweni kwamazinga obuchwepheshe, ezokulawula, nezikhungo ezikwazi ukubhekana nale mpilo entsha.
Ukuphathwa Kobuchwepheshe Nokubambisana Kwezikhungo
Ukusungulwa kwamaqembu agxile ekuphathweni kobuchwepheshe kukhombisa enye indlela ebalulekile. Izikhungo zomphakathi zibhekene nenselele yokufaka ubuchwepheshe obusha ngaphandle kokukhubaza izimiso ezinjengokubonakala, isibopho, nokuvikelwa kwamalungelo. Ukuphathwa kobuchwepheshe kufuna ukudala izindlela zokuhlola izingozi, ukusungula imihlahlandlela, nokuqinisekisa ukuthi izinto ezintsha zisetshenziswa ngendlela enesibopho. Emongweni wokhetho, lokhu kusho ukulinganisa ukusebenza kahle kobuchwepheshe nokwethenjwa komphakathi. Impumelelo yalezi zinhlelo ivame ukuncika ekubambisaneni phakathi kwezinhlangano ezihlukahlukene — amanyuvesi, izikhungo zocwaningo, izinkampani zobuchwepheshe, izikhungo zikahulumeni, nezinhlangano zomphakathi — ezinolwazi oluhambisanayo olungaba nomthelela ezixazululweni eziqinile.