U-Israel usamemezile ukuthi izohlela ukuhlala emzini weLebanon eningizimu naphezu kwesivumelwano esisha sezombangazwe phakathi kwe-United States ne-Iran okuhloswe ngawo ukwehlisa izingxabano ezifundeni. Lesi sinqumo, esivele sithathwa njengomthelela omkhulu wezombangazwe zomhlaba wonke, sikhulisa ukukhathazeka ngokuziphendulela kokuphepha eMpumalanga Ephakathi kanye nokuqina kwesivumelwano esakhayo phakathi kweWashington neTehran. Isimemezelo senzeka ngesikhathi esibalulekile esifundeni, ngemuva kwezinyanga zobudlova obukhulayo, ingcindezi yezombangazwe, kanye nokulwa kwamasosha okubandakanya abadlali abaningi. I-United States ne-Iran zembula isigaba esihloswe ukwehlisa ubudlova nokunciphisa ingozi yempi enkulu esifundeni. Noma kunjalo, isimo sika-Israel sikhombisa ukuthi izinselelo ezinkulu zisasele ngaphambi kokuthi ukuzinza okuhlala njalo kungafinyelelwa.
Isinqumo sika-Israel nezinselelo esivumelwaneni se-US-Iran
Abaholi bakwa-Israel bakuchazile ukuthi isu labo lokuphepha ngeke lishintshe ngokuzenzakalela ngenxa yezimo zezombangazwe phakathi kweWashington neTehran. Izikhulu zikahulumeni zigcizelela ukuthi ukuhlala kwamasosha eningizimu yeLebanon kusadingeka ukuze kuvikelwe imiphakathi yakwa-Israel eseduze komngcele nokuvimbela amaqembu anobutha ukuthi andise amandla awo. Ngokusho kwezikhulu zakwa-Israel, ukugcina ukulawula ezindaweni ezibalulekile zokuphepha kuthathwa njengokubalulekile ukuze kuvinjwe ukuhlasela okuzayo nokugcinwe amandla okwesabisa. Uhulumeni uthi noma yikuphi ukuhoxa kuzodinga iziqinisekiso ezinkulu zokuphepha nezinguquko eziqinisekisiwe emhlabeni. UNgqongqoshe Omkhulu uBenjamin Netanyahu kanye nezikhulu eziphezulu zezokuvikela baphindile bathi u-Israel uzoqhubeka nokuthatha zonke izinyathelo azibona zidingeka ukuze avikele izakhamuzi zakhe ezinsongweni ezingaba khona ezivela ngale kwemingcele yakhe.
Kungani u-Israel egcizelela ukuhlala eningizimu yeLebanon?
Abaholi bakwa-Israel bakwenza kwacaca ukuthi isu labo lokuphepha ngeke lihambisane ngokuzenzakalela nezimo zezombangazwe phakathi kweWashington neTehran. Izikhulu zikahulumeni zigcizelela ukuthi ukuhlala kwamasosha eningizimu yeLebanon kusadingeka ukuze kuvikelwe imiphakathi yakwa-Israel eseduze komngcele nokuvimbela amaqembu anobutha ukuthi andise amandla awo. Ngokusho kwezikhulu zakwa-Israel, ukugcina ukulawula ezindaweni ezibalulekile zokuphepha kuthathwa njengokubalulekile ukuze kuvinjwe ukuhlasela okuzayo nokugcinwe amandla okwesabisa. Uhulumeni uthi noma yikuphi ukuhoxa kuzodinga iziqinisekiso ezinkulu zokuphepha nezinguquko eziqinisekisiwe emhlabeni. UNgqongqoshe Omkhulu uBenjamin Netanyahu kanye nezikhulu eziphezulu zezokuvikela baphindile bathi u-Israel uzoqhubeka nokuthatha zonke izinyathelo azibona zidingeka ukuze avikele izakhamuzi zakhe ezinsongweni ezingaba khona ezivela ngale kwemingcele yakhe.
Yini eshiwo isivumelwano phakathi kwe-United States ne-Iran?
Intuthuko yakamuva yezombangazwe phakathi kwe-United States ne-Iran imangaze ababukeli abaningi bamazwe ngamazwe. Isivumelwano sakhelwe ukwehlisa izingxabano eziye zanda kulo lonke elaseMpumalanga Ephakathi futhi zisongela izimakethe zikazwelonke zamandla, imizila yezohwebo yamazwe ngamazwe, kanye nokuzinza kwesifunda. Isigaba okukholakala ukuthi sihlanganisa izinyathelo ezihloswe ukwehlisa umsebenzi wamasosha, ukukhuthaza ukuxhumana ngezombangazwe, nokwehlisa ingozi yokulwa okuqondile phakathi kwabadlali abakhulu besifunda. Izimakethe zezezimali zasabela kahle esimemezelweni, namanani kaphethiloli ehla njengoba abatshalizimali bebabona izingozi ezinamandla ezincishisiwe zempahla zamandla. Noma kunjalo, isivumelwano asixazululi ngokuzenzakalela zonke izingxabano zesifunda — izingxabano ezesekudala ezibandakanya u-Israel, iHezbollah, iLebanon, iSyria, nabanye abadlali zisasebenza futhi ziyinkimbinkimbi.
Abadlali besifunda nomlando wezingxabano
Ukuqonda ukubaluleka kwesinqumo sika-Israel kudinga ukuqonda indima yeHezbollah esifundeni. Yasungulwa ekuqaleni kwawo-1980, iHezbollah yakhula yaba enye yezinhlangano zezombangazwe nezamasosha ezinethonya elikhulu eLebanon. Leli qembu linamandla amakhulu ezempi futhi lidlale indima ebalulekile kwezombangazwe zaseLebanon eminyakeni engamashumi. IHezbollah ithola ukwesekwa yi-Iran futhi ivame ukuzichaza njengengxenye yomkhankaso omkhulu wokumelana nesifunda. U-Israel, i-United States, namazwe amaningi afana nawo babala iHezbollah njengenhlangano yamaphekula, kuyilapho leli qembu ligcina ukwesekwa okuqinile phakathi kwezigaba zomphakathi waseLebanon. Ubudlelwano phakathi kuka-Israel neHezbollah buye babonakala ngezingxabano eziphindiwe, ukulwa kwamasosha, nokungezwani okuqhubekayo iminyaka engaphezu kwamashumi amane.
Ungowuphi umlando wokungqubuzana phakathi kuka-Israel neHezbollah?
Izimpande zesimo samanje zibuyela emuva eminyakeni eminingi. Iningizimu yeLebanon isiyisikhathi eside iyindawo eyinhloko yokungqubuzana phakathi kuka-Israel neHezbollah. Izingxabano ezinkulu zenzeka phakathi neminyaka yama-1990 futhi zafinyelela umvuthwandaba eMpini YaseLebanon ka-2006, eyabangela ukucekelwa phansi okukhulu nokulahlekelwa okuphawulekayo nhlangothi zombili. Nakuba impi yaphela ngokusemthethweni ngesivumelwano sokuyeka ukulwa esakazwa yiZizwe Ezihlangene, izingxabano azikaze zinyamalale ngokuphelele. Izehlakalo ezingaphesheya komngcele, ukudutshulwa kwemicijikela, ukusebenza kwamasosha, nezingxabano zezombangazwe ziyaqhubeka nokubumba ubudlelwano phakathi kuka-Israel neHezbollah. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izinhlangothi zombili zitshale imali enkulu emandleni ezempi, zakha enye yezifunda ezinomngcele ozungezwe izikhali futhi ogadiwe kakhulu emhlabeni.
Iyini ukubaluleka kwempi yeningizimu yeLebanon?
Iningizimu yeLebanon inesikhundla esibalulekile ngokwezobuchwepheshe eMpumalanga Ephakathi. Lesi sifunda sinomngcele ongasenyakatho ye-Israel futhi sisebenza njengesiqinisekiso sokuphepha esibalulekile nhlangothi zombili. Izikhulu zakwa-Israel zithi ukuhlala kwamasosha ezindaweni ezibalulekile kusiza ukuvimbela imisebenzi enobutha nokuvikela izakhamuzi. Ngenkathi, izikhulu zaseLebanon neHezbollah begcizelela ukuthi imisebenzi yamasosha akwa-Israel yephula ubukhosi baseLebanon futhi inegalelo ekungazinzeni. Ukungezwani mayelana nezinhlelo zokuphepha kusalokhu kungomunye wezithiyo ezinzima ekufinyeleleni isivumelwano esihlala njalo.
Imithelela yabantu, ezomnotho nezamazwe ngamazwe
Ungqubuzano ube nemithelela emikhulu ebantwini. Izinkulungwane zabantu zibulewe noma zalimala ngezikhathi zodlame, kuyilapho imiphakathi eminingi yahlangabezana nokugudluzwa nokuphazamiseka komnotho. Ukulimala kwengqalasizinda kuthinte ezokuthutha, izinsiza zomphakathi, izikhungo zezempilo, nezikole ezifundeni eziningi. Izinhlangano zamazwe ngamazwe ziyaqhubeka nokuqapha izimo nokuhlinzeka usizo kubantu abathintekile. Izikhungo zokusiza abantu ziye zacela ukuqina kuzo zonke izinhlangothi ezihilelekile. Ithemba lokungqubuzana okuvuselelwayo lihlala liyinkathazo enkulu kubahlali abahlala eduze komngcele.
Yiziphi izindleko zezomnotho zomhlaba wonke?
Izehlakalo eMpumalanga Ephakathi zivame ukuba nemithelela ebalulekile ezimakethe zomhlaba wonke. Lesi sifunda sihlala sibalulekile ezimpahleni zamandla zamazwe ngamazwe, emizileni yemikhumbi, nasekuzinzeni komnotho. Noma yikuphi ukwanda kwezingxabano kungathinta amanani kaphethiloli, ukwethenjwa kwabatshalizimali, nokuhamba kwezohwebo. Isimemezelo sesivumelwano se-US-Iran ekuqaleni saqinisekisa izimakethe zezezimali futhi sanomthelela ekwehleni kwamanani kaphethiloli. Noma kunjalo, ukungaqiniseki okuzungeze ukuhlala kwamasosha akwa-Israel eLebanon kungathinta umuzwa wemakethe wesikhathi esizayo. Abatshalizimali baqaphe lezi zenzakalo eduze ukuze babone izimpawu zokuzinza noma ukuvuselelwa kongqubuzano.
Amazwe ngamazwe aziphendule kanjani?
Ohulumeni emhlabeni jikelele baphendule ngokuqapha entuthukweni yakamuva. Abaholi baseYurophu ngokuvamile bamukele intuthuko yezombangazwe phakathi kweWashington neTehran, ngenkathi begcizelela ukubaluleka kokugcina ukuzinza kwesifunda. Izinhlangano zamazwe ngamazwe zicele ukuthi zonke izinhlangothi zigweme izenzo ezingakhuphula izingxabano. Izithunywa ziphawula ukuthi ukuthula kwesikhathi eside kuzodinga izivumelwano ezinabandayo ezibandakanya ababambiqhaza abaningi besifunda. Isimo sihlala siguquguquka kakhulu, futhi kulindeleke ukuthi ukuhlangana kwamazwe ngamazwe kuqhubeke.
Yini okufanele siyilindele ezinyathelweni ezilandelayo?
Amasonto alandelayo angaba abalulekile ngekusasa leMpumalanga Ephakathi. Imibuzo eminingi ebalulekile iseyimpendulo:
- Ngabe isivumelwano se-US-Iran sizoqhubeka nokusebenza?
- Ngabe u-Israel neHezbollah bayokwazi ukugwema ukungqubuzana okusha kwamasosha?
- Ngabe izingxoxo zezombangazwe zizokhula zifake izindaba ezibanzi zokuphepha kwesifunda?
- Ngabe izimo zabantu zingathuthuka ezindaweni ezithintekile?
- Ngabe abalamuli bamazwe ngamazwe bayokwazi ukwehlisa izingxabano?
Izimpendulo zale mibuzo zizokwakha hhayi nje ikusasa leLebanon ne-Israel, kodwa futhi nesimo sezombangazwe esibanzi seMpumalanga Ephakathi.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Ngabe u-Israel uzohoxa ngempela eningizimu yeLebanon?
Ngesisekelo sesimemezelo esisemthethweni, u-Israel akazimisele ukuhoxa. Izikhulu eJerusalema zishilo ukuthi ukuhlala kwamasosha kuzoqhubeka ngenkathi izinsongo zokuphepha zisekhona, ikakhulukazi ezivela eHezbollah. Akukho nkomba yokushintsha kwalesi simo esikhathini esiseduze.
Ngabe isivumelwano se-US-Iran singahluleka ngenxa ka-Israel?
Isivumelwano sibhekene nezinselelo ezinkulu. Nakuba siye saveza ithemba kweminye imikhakha, isinqumo sika-Israel sokugcina amasosha sikhombisa ukuthi umehluko ojulile usekhona. Impumelelo yesivumelwano izoncika ekuqalisweni nasekuthembaneni phakathi kwezinhlangothi, into engakaqinisekiswa.
Ngabe iHezbollah iziphindiselela ku-Israel?
Abamele abahambisana neHezbollah bakhombisile ukuthi leli qembu alizange lenze imisebenzi yamasosha kusukela kwamenyezelwa isivumelwano se-US-Iran. Noma kunjalo, inhlangano isaphikisana noma yikuphi ukuhlala kwamasosha akwa-Israel isikhathi eside emhlabeni waseLebanon. Abaholi beHezbollah baphakamise ukuthi izenzo ezizayo zizoncika ezimweni emhlabeni nasekuziphatheni kwamasosha akwa-Israel. Isimo sihlala sibuthaka.