Uhlelo lukaTrump lokuhlakaza uhlelo lokuhlola ulwandle lungashiya isintu lungaboni izenzakalo ezinjenge-El Niño kanye nezinye izinhlekelele zemvelo, ngokusho kososayensi baseMelika naseYurophu. Ukuncishiswa kwalolu hlelo, oluqhutshwa yi-National Science Foundation (NSF), kusongela ukunemba kwezibikezelo zezulu emhlabeni wonke. Ochwepheshe abaxoxe ne-The Guardian bathi ukulahlekelwa yilolu lwazi olubalulekile kungavinjwa ukulandelelwa okuphephile kokufudumala komhlaba kanye neziphepho ezishisayo. Imiphumela yezomnotho, ikakhulukazi kwezolimo nezinsuphu, ingaba nzima kakhulu.
Isistimu YaseMelika Eyisihluthulelo Emhlabeni Wonke
Isinqumo sokunciphisa izakhi ze-Ocean Observatories Initiative (OOI) sisusa ingxenye ebalulekile yenethiwekhi yomhlaba wonke ehlanganiswe yiNhlangano Yezizwe Ezihlangene (UN). Izinkundla zaseMelika zigcwalisa izikhala ezijwayelekile ezingazalwa ezinye izizwe, kusho ochwepheshe. USabrina Speich we-Ecole Normale Supérieure ugcizelele ku-The Guardian ukuthi ukulahlekelwa yidatha yaseMelika kubi kakhulu kunokulahlekelwa ngama-80% eminye imininingwane yolwandle ngokungahleliwe. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi iziteshi zaseMelika zimi ezindaweni ezibalulekile ekuqapheni isimo sezulu.
Ucwaningo Lwembula Ukwanda Kwamaphutha Okulinganisa
Ucwaningo olushicilelwe kujenali i-Nature Climate Change luveza ukuthi ukungabikho kwemibono yaseMelika kuzokwenyusa amaphutha ekulinganiseni ukufudumala kolwandle ngama-163%. Inani elikhulu likhombisa indima emaphakathi yezinzwa zaseMelika ekulinganiseni amamodeli ezimo sezulu. Ngaphandle kwalolu lwazi, umphakathi wezesayensi uzolahlekelwa amandla okuthola izitayela zokufudumala ngokunembile. Umkhawulo wamaphutha owandisiwe uzophazamisa izibikezelo zezimo ezinjenge-El Niño, ezithembele ekufundweni okuqhubekayo kwezinga lokushisa kolwandle.
Imiphumela Kwezolimo Nezinsuphu
Imiphumela ebonakalayo izothinta ngqo umnotho nokuphepha komphakathi. Abalimi, ngokwesibonelo, basebenzisa izibikezelo ze-El Niño ukuhlela izivuno nokubikezela ukuthi isimo sizoba ngumqwaqwa noma isikhukhula, kuchaza uSpeich. Ngonyaka okulindeleke ukuthi ube ne-El Niño enamandla, ukuntuleka kwedatha kuzovimbela ohulumeni nabadali ukuthi basebenze ngesikhathi ukuze banciphise izinhlekelele. Umkhakha wezinsuphu nawo uzothinteka, ngoba izinkonzo zayo zithembele kumamodeli ezimo sezulu anembile. Phakathi kuka-1980 no-2024, iMelika ibhekane nezingaphezu kuka-400 izinhlekelele zezimo sezulu ezedlula u-US$1 billion (cishe u-R5 billion) ngalinye.
Ukonga Okungasho Lutho Ngokubhekene Nezindleko Zemihlobiso
Uprofesa wobunjiniyela uJohn P. Abraham uchaze lesi sinqumo sikahulumeni ngokuthi "ukonga okungcolile". Ngokusho kwakhe, "uhulumeni waseMelika ufuna ukonga ngaphansi kwesigidi sezigidi (billion) ezinsizeni, okuyizinto eziyiso nendlebe zolwandle". UAbraham ugcizelele ukuthi "sinezigidi eziyizinkulungwane (trillions) zezindleko zemo sezulu ngonyaka" nokuthi "izindleko zohlelo lokuhlola ziyingxenye enkulu yezindleko zemo sezulu ezibangelwa iziphepho ezishisayo neziphepho ezihlasela iMelika". Ukonga, ngakho-ke, kubukeka kunganaki ngenxa yezigidi eziyizinkulungwane zamaRandi emonakalweni waminyaka – ngo-2024 kuphela, izindleko eziphelele zezinhlekelele zezimo sezulu eMelika zafinyelela ku-US$177 billion (R902 billion).
Ukumiswa Kokubuyekezwa KweNOAA Nokutshalwa Kwezimali KwaseYurophu
Omunye uphawu olukhathazayo ukuthi inkundla yokuqapha izinhlekelele zezimo sezulu eziyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane (billion) ye-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) izoyekwa ukubuyekezwa ngenxa "yokushintsha kwezinto eziyinhloko". INSF, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ithi uhlelo luzokwehla ngezinga elithile hhayi ukukhanselwa ngokuphelele. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-European Union imemezele ukutshalwa kwezimali okungama-euro ayizigidi ezingama-92 (R544 million) emhlanganweni i-OceanEye ukuqinisa ukuqapha emhlabeni wonke. Kodwa-ke, lesi sabelo besihleliwe ngaphambi kwesinqumo saseMelika, okubonisa ukuthi asiyona impendulo eqondile ekuhlakazweni.
Umqondisi wesimo sezulu uSamantha Burgess we-Copernicus Service uqinisekisile ukuthi ukuhlola okuqondile olwandle "akushintshwa". Uchaze ukuthi "asikwazi ukubona ukujula kolwandle [kusuka] emkhathini", egcizelela isidingo sokubambisana kwamazwe ngamazwe. "Sidinga ukubambisana kwamazwe ngamazwe ukuze sithole imibono engcono kakhulu etholakalayo futhi sinciphise izingozi emhlabeni wethu oshintshayo," wenezela. "Ngaphandle kokuhlolwa kolwandle, sihamba ngomkhumbi obonayo." Lo musho ufingqa ukwesaba ukuthi isintu singalahlekelwa amandla okubikezela izinhlekelele zezulu ezisondelayo.